Submarine refrigeration and air-conditioning systems pdf merge

Control cabinet airconditioning and ventilation system for class 212a submarines. In 2015, acquired gxp automation llc, chelmsford, mass. A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. Folks, submarine refrigeration and airconditioning systems, navpers 16163, is one of a series of submarine training manuals that was completed just after ww ii. And air conditioning rac system from a nonflammable refrigerant to use. At the leadingedge of air conditioner innovation, we provide greater comfort to customers while minimizing environmental impact, and creating a better world. Here, wika is the competent partner for measuring instruments for pressure, temperature and calibration in all parts of refrigeration plants. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Primary hvac equipment includes heating equipment, ventilation equipment, and cooling or airconditioning equipment.

Although corrosion can affect production in commercial applications, in naval warships and submarines, corrosion can affect the crews survival. The greater underwater propulsion power program guppy was initiated by the united states navy after world war ii to improve the submerged speed, maneuverability, and endurance of its submarines. With all the discussed facts in mind, the general picture of airconditioning in a submarine. You will find that we discuss several components peculiar to airconditioning systems. This article discusses corrosion control in marine refrigeration systems, but similar methodologies to control cor. Refrigeration and read xenocide online pdf air conditioning technology, 6th edition, william c. Pdf naval refrigeration applications are similar to a highrise building, only laid on its side.

Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating. In comparison, a 25watt electric light bulb gives off 85 btu per hour. A separate subsystem controls the amount of od air supplied. It should be clearly understood that the purpose of the airconditioning system is not to cool the submarine as a whole. In this online version of the manual we have attempted to keep the flavor of the original layout while taking advantage of the webs universal accessibility. Refrigeration and air conditioning linkedin slideshare. The mechanical refrigeration system used on board a submarine is a vapor refrigerating system. It must boil at a low temperature and it must be able to change its state readily from. Steam and vapor jet refrigeration systems section 1. The project was undertaken by lazurit central design bureau of gorky only 20 of the soviet unions originally intended 56 were completed between october 1957 and the end of december 1961 because of the introduction of the nuclear submarine into the soviet navy. Pdf refrigeration modeling components in openstudio, mark.

Hvac system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Submarine refrigeration and airconditioning systems chapter 7. Control cabinet air conditioning ventilation for submarine. In a suitable mechanical system, such liquids can draw heat from surrounding substances and thus cool them.

The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of. Submarine refrigeration and airconditioning systems. Under certain conditions, some liquids boil at temperatures actually lower than the freezing point of water. The airconditioning system and the refrigeration system aboard a submarine are designed as two separate and distinct systems. Contents this brochure assists you in selecting the right instruments. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor compressors are similar to pumps. Air conditioning ac systems in buildings contribute to ghg emissions both directly through refrigerant emissions, as well as indirectly through fossil fuel. Refrigeration and air conditioning ppt linkedin slideshare.

In this refrigerating process, the refrigerant passes alternately through its liquid and vapor states. The aircycle refrigeration systems, as originally designed and installed. The freon 12 refrigerant cycle in the airconditioning system is the same as that in the. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. The freon 12 refrigerant cycle in the airconditioning system is the same as that in the refrigeration system. The control is manual reset when terminals j1 and j2. The refrigeration plants on merchant vessels play a vital part in carrying refrigerated cargo and provisions for the crew on board. Project 633 was a further development of the soviet navys postwar 611 and 6 whiskeyclass designs. Greater underwater propulsion power program wikipedia. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. The y in the acronym was added for pronounceability. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. Through its use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, the refrigeration process is critical to health, comfort, and welfare of humanity.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning wikipedia. Direct evaporation cooling systems for air conditioning are especially suitable for smaller systems. The window and split air conditioners are used for single rooms or small office spaces 19. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning hvac is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. The test was carried out by the german army quality assurance service including the shock test of the prototype at the military service center for ships and naval weapons, maritime. The cooling equipment of submarines consists of two separate systems, one for refrigeration proper, and the other for airconditioning. Horizontal hierarchy representation of hvac system requirements. There are two such casings, located in different rooms in the submarine. Such a refrigerant, therefore, must have special qualities.

Document resume ed 251 645 ce 040 232 author henderson, william edward, jr. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, refrigerants. Each is capable of performing its task independent of the other. The control may be manual or automatic, in which case, a room thermostat. Materials as printouts and additionally also as pdf files. Best practices for mechanical system design start with the establishment of project parameters. Air conditioning technology, which describes a subarea of supply technology. An adult, when engaged in light work, as in a submarine, gives off on an average of about 500 btu per hour. The future of air conditioning for buildings energy. These facts combine to make the heat transfer between submarine and. On board a submarine, ice would last only a few days. Title artculated, performancebased instruction objectives. Freon 12 has a few disadvantages, but they are far outweighed by its advantages.

Refrigeration committee encourages the advancement of refrigeration technology and its application. Use autocad mep toolset to design and draft heating, ventilation, and air conditioning hvac systems for a building plan. Construction and working of ships refrigeration plant. Wellmaintained food and drinks are essential for passengers and crews health. The navy began the program by testing and reverse engineering two captured german type xxi uboats. Refrigeration and air conditioning energy eff iciency guide for industry in a sia. Airwater systems are introduced as a hybrid system to combine both. Since refrigeration and airconditioning compressors are designed to compress. In a submarine, only a few cubic feet of space are available for airconditioning machinery, and the cooling capacity is of necessity limited. Design of the control cabinet housing in amagnetic and emcprotected form.

Commercial dehydrator systems, makers of food dryers, dehydrators, roasters for fruit, nuts, vegetables, meat, fish, and nonfood products. As the flow through the impeller is choked off, the gas does not acquire. Food and drinks, cargo and garbage need to be kept in optimal conditions at all times. Hvac designers can design duct and necessary piping systems to create, size, and connect heating and cooling components. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology gunt hamburg. Our spaceoptimized cooling systems with screw compressors or piston compressors in a lownoise, shockresistant as well as vibrationproof design are optimal for the use in submarines. Submarine refrigeration and airconditioning systems chapter 19. The series describes the peak of ww ii us submarine technology. However, in practice it is desirable that these two systems be interconnected so that the airconditioning compressor can serve as a standby for the. Submarine refrigeration and airconditioning systems chapter 14. Ac system employs the refrigeration cycle to achieve. It is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as by the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration, which is a mechanical system or apparatus, designed and. In general, the mechanical circuit of equipment is also similar.

Refrigeration air conditioning technology 6th edition pdf. Our commercial and residential airconditioning systems have earned a global reputation for a higher standard of performance, uncompromising reliability and costsaving energy efficiency. A marine refrigeration system is a key element onboard any vessel. Before you begin drafting, you can establish design. Unit 6 fasteners study questions from textbook learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. The cooling equipment of submarines consists of two separate systems, one for. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. Selection criteria for air conditioning systems section 36.

About hvac system overview autocad mep 2019 autodesk. The airconditioning plant is described in chapters to 20 inclusive. Solar energy based refrigeration systems section 1. To qualify you in the area of air conditioning we discuss the following systems in this subcourse. At a lower temperature, molecular motion slows down and the growth of bacteria that causes food spoilage also retards. At the lowpressure point of its refrigeration cycle, it operates at pressures only slightly above atmospheric pressure, thus reducing the possibility of air entering the system in the event of leakage. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the fields abbreviation, as. According to the bureau of naval personnel bupers, the job of a machinists mate is to operate, maintain, and repair organizational and intermediate level ship propulsion machinery, auxiliary equipment, and outside machinery, such as. The single duct systems can provide either cooling or heating using the same duct, but. In air refrigeration, the air is used as a refrigerant.